Tutorials

1. Evaluation of Prediction Models in Medicine
2. The Clinician-Data Scientist Dyad: Understanding Both for an Exceptional Convolution (canceled)
3. Medical Information Retrieval
4. Argumentation Technology in Medicine

Workshops

1. Knowledge Representation for Health Care / Process-oriented Information Systems in Health Care (KR4HC/ProHealth) 2019
2. Modern Technologies and Artificial Intelligence in Orthopedics and Rehabilitation (canceled)
3. Transparent, Explainable and Affective AI in Medical Systems (TEAAM)

Tutorial 1: Evaluation of Prediction Models in Medicine

Ameen Abu-Hanna, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

https://sites.google.com/view/predmod/ 

The reliable prediction of outcomes from disease and treatment is becoming increasingly important in the delivery and organisation of health care. Advances in personalised medicine are catalysing the search for new prognostic markers. The uses of outcome predictions range from the level of individual patients, where they help doctors and patients to make treatment choices, to patient populations, where they support health-care managers in planning and allocating resources.

This tutorial focuses on methodologies for quantitative assessment of the performance of prediction models. The key to quantitative evaluation is the use of reliable methods for obtaining valid performance measures of unseen data with well-defined characteristics.

The tutorial will clarify the relevant methods and the relationship between them using conceptual and mathematical frameworks. It is explained under which circumstances specific methods are applicable and when they are not. In addition, attention will be paid to the various choices in the design of model evaluation procedures, and the relationship between model evaluation and the purposes for which a model has been built. All methods are illustrated with real-world examples from the domains such as cardiac surgery and intensive care medicine.

Tutorial 3: Medical Information Retrieval

Lynda Tamine, University of Toulouse UPS-IRIT, France
Lorraine Goeuriot, University of Grenoble Alpes, France

The rapid increase of medical information sources and volumes (eg.,electronic health records, medical forums, scientific literature) on the one hand, and the diversity of users and tasks (eg., diagnosis, clinical trial, health care, etc.) on the other hand, has renewed the need for a future generation of medical information retrieval (IR) systems with the objective of supporting clinical decision processes that provide adequate support for both novices (eg., patients and their next-of-kins) and experts (eg., physicians, clinicians) tackling complex tasks. This trend gives rise to relevant opportunities for the medical community but opens crucial challenges for health professionnals as well as patients and their families. During the tutorial, we will first present an overview of IR fundamentals and then report the major findings which highlight the potential of medical and health-related search traces to better understand the users, their information needs and their use of search results for daily health care. Afterwards, we discuss representative state-of-the-art techniques and methods which support medical IR systems; in addition to seminal works, we will present some recently proposed concept representation techniques which rely on research advancements in deep learning. We will also address the challenge of evaluating medical IR tasks and present major campaigns, resources and lessons learned. Finally, we will conclude the tutorial by a roadmap and a discussion phase.

Tutorial 4: Argumentation Technology in Medicine

Philipp Cimiano, Bielefeld University, Germany
Laura Moss, University of Glasgow, UK
Olivia Sanchez-Graillet, Bielefeld University, Germany
Basil Ell, Bielefeld University, Germany

In medicine, complex decisions are made by clinicians often in uncertain conditions. The field of argumentation provides a formal framework for modeling human collaborative deliberations, interchanging arguments in favor or against some conclusion based on incomplete or inconsistent information. Argumentation theory has become an important research field in Artificial Intelligence (AI). The relationship between computer science and the area of philosophy focused on arguments has led to the emergence of a new interdisciplinary field called computational dialectics, argumentation technology, or argument-based computing.

Argumentation has been investigated as a tool for providing clinical decision support, changing health-related behaviors, tailoring explanations, advising patients on treatment regimes, as well as for designing agents working in cooperation within healthcare teams.

In this tutorial, we provide an introduction into argumentation technology for medicine as well as an overview of the main techniques, use cases and applications thereof. We focus in particular on two main applications. First, we discuss how argumentation technology can be used as a basis to generate hypotheses and explanations for anomalous patient responses. Second, we discuss how arguments can be used to support evidence-based decision-making by using arguments as a tool to aggregate evidence across multiple clinical studies.

Workshop 1: Knowledge Representation for Health Care / Process-oriented Information Systems in Health Care (KR4HC/ProHealth) 2019

Mor Peleg, University of Haifa, Israel
Mar Marcos, Universitat Jaume I, Spain
Richard Lenz, University of Erlangen and Nuremberg, Germany

https://sites.google.com/view/kr4hcprohealth2019/home 

In the last years we have witnessed the increasing incorporation of computer technologies for knowledge representation and process modeling to improve health care and to provide high-quality modern clinical services.

These technologies remain at the very core of other medical informatics areas such as decision support systems, e-health, m-health, smart health, simulation, clinical alarm systems, electronic health care records, patient-centered care, modeling, standardization, and quality assessment.
The Joint International Workshop KR4HC-ProHealth in 2019 is the seventh time that two separate research communities merge to address common medical issues, to discuss about new trends, and to propose solutions to health care issues by means of the integration of knowledge representation and process management technologies as a contribution of the advance of medical informatics.

As part of medical informatics, the knowledge-representation for health care (KR4HC) view focuses on representing and reasoning with medical knowledge in computers to support knowledge management, clinical decision-making, health care modeling and simulation. This community aims at developing efficient representations, technologies, and tools for integrating the important elements that health care providers work with: Electronic Medical Records and healthcare information systems, clinical practice guidelines, and medical vocabularies.

As part of business process management, the process-oriented information systems in healthcare (ProHealth) view focuses on using business process management technology to provide effective solutions for the management of healthcare processes. This community aims at adapting successful process management solutions to health care processes and needs, with a particular interest in organization, optimization, cooperation, risk analysis, flexibility, re-utilization, and integration of health care tasks and teams.

Workshop 3: Transparent, Explainable and Affective AI in Medical Systems (TEAAM)

Grzegorz J. Nalepa, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
Gregor Stiglic, University of Maribor, Slovenia
Sławomir Nowaczyk, Halmstad University, Sweden
Jose M. Juarez, University of Murcia, Spain
Jerzy Stefanowski, Poznan University of Technology, Poland

http://teaam.geist.re 

Medical systems highlight important requirements and challenges for the AI solutions. In particular, demands for interpretability of models and knowledge representations are much higher than in other domains. The current health-related AI applications rarely provide integrated yet transparent and humanized solutions. However, from both patient's and doctor's perspective, there is need for approaches that are comprehensive, credible and trusted. By explaining the reasoning behind recommendations, the medical AI systems support users to accept or reject their predictions. Furthermore, healthcare is particularly challenging due to medicine and ethical requirements, laws and regulations and the real caution taken by physicians while treating the patients. Improving individual's health is a complex process, requiring understanding and collaboration between the doctor and the patient. Building up this collaboration not only requires individualized personalization, but also a proper adaptation to the gradual changes of patient’s condition, including their emotional state. Recently, AI solutions have been playing an important mediating role in understanding how both medical and personal factors interact with respect to diagnosis and treatment adherence. As the number of such applications is expected to rapidly grow in next years, their humanized aspect will play a critical role in their adoption. This workshop will bring together researchers from academia and industry to discuss current topics of interest in interpretability, explainability and affect related to AI-based systems present in different healthcare domains.